Microwave imaging for security applications

Microwave imaging technologies have been widely researched in the biomedical field where they rely on the imaging of dielectric properties of tissues. Healthy and malignant tissue have different dielectric properties in the microwave frequency region, therefore, the dielectric properties of a human body’s tissues are generally different from other contraband materials. Consequently, dielectric data analysis techniques using microwave signals can be used to distinguish between different types of materials that could be hidden in the human body, such as explosives or drugs. Other concerns raised about these particular imaging systems were how to build them cost effectively, with less radiation emissions, and to overcome the disadvantages of X-ray imaging systems. The key challenge in security applications using microwave imaging is the image reconstruction methods adopted in order to gain a clear image of illuminated objects inside the human body or underneath clothing. This thesis will discuss in detail how microwave tomography scanning could overcome the challenge of imaging objects concealed in the human body, and prove the concept of imaging inside a human body using image reconstruction algorithms such as Radon transformation image reconstruction. Also, this thesis presents subspace based TR-MUSIC algorithms for point targets and extended targets. The algorithm is based on the collection of the dominant response matrix reflected by targets at the transducers in homogenous backgrounds, and uses the MUSIC function to image it. Lumerical FDTD solution is used to model the transducers and the objects to process its response matrix data in Matlab. Clear images of metal dielectric properties have been clearly detected. Security management understanding in airports is also discussed to use new scanning technologies such as microwave imaging in the future.The main contribution of this reseach is that microwave was proved to be able to image and detect illegal objects embedded or implanted inside human body

A Case of Pure Matrix Ureteral Stone: A rare type of urinary calculi that may be overlooked

Matrix stones are a rare form of urinary calculi with a low mineral content. We report a 63-year-old female patient who presented to the Sohar Hospital, Sohar, Oman, in 2018 with unexplained left flank pain and constipation. She had a history of chronic renal failure (CRF) and had previously undergone haemodialysis (HD). Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) did not show any renal or urinary stones. However, a left-sided ureteroscopy revealed a yellow-coloured stone that was soft in consistency occupying the proximal 5 cm section of the ureter. Many attempts at forceps extraction were required for complete clearance. A global quantitative composition analysis revealed the extracted stone to be composed entirely of protein-matrix material. Matrix stones require a high index of suspicion as they are sometimes radiolucent and cannot be visualised on CT scans. Risk factors include being female and a history of urinary tract infections, CRF and HD.Keywords: Urolithiasis; Ureteral Calculi; Diagnostic Imaging; Ureteroscopy; Case Report; Oman

Microwave imaging for security applications

This Book will reveal: •Microwave imaging technology in Medicine and Security fields. •Dielectric properties of materials on Microwave. •Theory of Time reversal Multi static signal classification. •Simulation experiments showing Images using Microwave. •Use of Microwave imaging in aviation security. This book is the inspiration of future microwave imaging technology innovation to be applied in the arena of security scanning

Microwave imaging using sub-space based TR-MUSIC method for security applications

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